Basically the equipment of every Dutch police officer consists of the following: Police trainees are armed with a handgun when they pass their handgun training; before passing the trainee performs his/her duties with only pepper spray, handcuffs, and baton. The investigative powers of the police are for example described in the Police Law, the Arms and Munitions Law, the Opium Law, the Road Traffic Law 1994, the Entry Law and the Code of Criminal Procedure. But, what personal qualities do you need to become a special constable? 235 of the 1,004 shootings were Black civilians, roughly 23% of all fatal police shootings in that year (14% -16% of the national population). What Abbreviations are Used for each UK Police Rank? UK Policing Ranks from PC to Chief Constable - Police Success The police commissioner (eerste hoofdcommissaris) in the Netherlands is Henk van Essen since May 1, 2020.[1]. This article will discuss how police officers can cope with such a situation. A constable on foot may tell shop owners to put locks on their shelves outside to prevent shoplifting. Within the Dutch police the following ranks are in use: Police trainee's are armed with a handgun if training for the constable level, if not the trainee performs his/hers duties unarmed. Protection of Royal palaces and Government buildings. In 2013 the police in the Netherlands was reorganised again into its current structure. In this article, we will answer these questions. Because safety outside starts with safety inside.. Theres been no significant criticism of the The Blue Family, those involved in the documentary welcomed the response to it. But Conrad, who is Black, recalled how in his first year at the police academy, colleagues hung a picture of him with cell bars drawn on it. The German-made Walther P5 used since 1978 while Arrest- and Support units were armed with the Austrian-made Glock 17 pistol and/or a submachine gun, usually the German-made Heckler & Koch MP5. Yes, within police support staff roles there will be a rank structure, this will be different for each department as different roles will require different levels of supervision. This might be where some of the confusion comes in; our police force was specifically designed to be as un-military as possible by Peel, unlike on the continent where the police can trace a common heritage with a profusion of military and paramilitary organisations. The first six ranks are consistent across all forces, its only the Metropolitan and City of London police that you have to remember the differences for. Mark Rutte: Dutch police arrest politician over suspected plot to One is that he is in charge of the overall management of a team, the other is that he is a policy officer at the district office and therefore outlines the policy for the entire district. dutch police ranks compared to uk. These officers have a Special Enforcement Officer (SEO) status (Buitengewoon Opsporingsambtenaar) or BOA/Handhaving in Dutch and therefore have police powers (detaining suspects, ask for identification, make an arrest, issue fines within their power of offences and use force). The cars are fitted with better suspension, megaphone and multiple communication devices on board. Published by D. Clark , Nov 7, 2022. If the officer is in smart (office) dress, they are likely a detective. From the end of 1945 until 1993, the Dutch police was composed of the municipal police (Dutch: gemeentepolitie) and the national police (Dutch: rijkspolitie). This rank can have two functions. In the Netherlands basic police work consists of the following tasks: The Dutch government is keen to put more and more police "on the street". There you have it, the UK police ranks for all of the forces in the UK. CommissarisThe commissioner is the leader of a district. The Dutch police union is calling for better mental health counseling for officers and more accountability for ones who make racist jokes. Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? The power to stop someone is often confused with the power to arrest someone. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2020/06/america-police-violence-germany-georgia-britain/612820/ (Accessed: 10 December 2020). Police officers are often exposed to traumatic events, and one of the most difficult experiences is seeing a dead body. Theres been no significant criticism of the The Blue Family, those involved in the documentary welcomed the response to it. July 27, 2022. Accessed March 05, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/382525/share-of-police-officers-in-england-and-wales-gender-rank/, GOV.UK. A last task is the protection of members of the Dutch Royal Family and other dignitaries (e.g., diplomats and politicians) as assigned by the authorised minister. to access more details of How can we address racial inequality and racial disproportionality? This free course, Race, ethnicity and crime, briefly examines the relationships between race and ethnicity, and crime, criminalisation and criminal justice. A few councils also issue their officers, with permission from the Ministry of Safety and Justice, police batons, pepper spray and occasionally firearms. In the meantime, hes forbidden his 20-year-old son from joining the force. The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. The landelijke eenheid (National Unit, LE) is led by a unitchief, a Chief Commissioner who conducts the day-to-day police force management. These are the NATO rank reference codes, used for easy comparison amongst NATO countries. The first article of the countrys constitution, which is displayed on posters in every police station, outlaws discrimination against any group. Personalise your OpenLearn profile, save your favourite content and get recognition for your learning, Find out more about The Open University's Social Sciences courses and qualifications. Margot Snijders has spent 30 years on the national force, including a number of years working on diversity and inclusion efforts. Lett, E., Ngozi Asabor, E., Corbin, T. and Boatwright, D. (2020) Racial inequity in fatal US police shootings, 2015-2020, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 0, pp. Constable. If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level
While 24% of the Dutch population meets that definition, only 14% of the police force does. Holland Police Ranks One less Turk one officer wrote, in response to the slaying of a 16-year-old girl who was shot and killed by her ex-boyfriend in her high schools bicycle shed. Differences in Policing Practices & Structures, (Evans, 2007; Potter, 2018; Britannica, 2019; Walker, 1996; Serhan, 2020), Majority of officers carry guns on a routine basis, Few officers carry guns on a routine basis (though there are specific armed units), More community policing and policing by the consent of the public, Very decentralised police forces: 18,000+ police forces with varying practices and codes of conduct, Very centralised police forces: 43 Police Forces across England and Wales with national oversight and standardised codes of conduct, Considerable training required to become a police officer, Amount of education required to become a police officer varies across forces, Educational requirements are standardised and follow specific guidelines for entry into the profession, No national or federal oversight of police forces or police conduct, National and governmental inspection and oversight of police forces and police conduct, Difference in Gun Prevalence among the Public, (Small Arms Survey, 2017; US Congressional Research Service, 2017), It is estimated that there are 120.5 civilian firearms (legal and illegal) per 100 people in the US in 2017, This means that with a population of 326 million (2017), there were 393 million guns, It is estimated that there are 4.6 civilian firearms (legal and illegal) per 100 people in England and Wales in 2017, This means that with a population of 58.7 million (2017), there were 2.7 million guns, (Inquest, 2019; policeconduct.gov; ncjrs.gov; Washingtonpost.com; BMJ.com/newsroom). It is used to reference somebody of the rank of Inspector or above and is an informal term. Are racist actions by a police officer individual misconduct or a systemic failure? The police also have the power to use force. Police officers England and Wales by rank and gender 2022 | Statista Scotland. They have limited investigative authority, but are not a police officer. Each police region has one or more units on stand-by for a total of 45 mobile units nationwide, each of which has about 50 members (including middle-ranking and senior officers). There is no room for racism and discrimination in our police, Justice Minister Dilan Yesilgz told Dutch talk show RTL Boulevard. By understanding their reactions and utilizing proper. The uniformed policemen on the street are those of the patrol service. The Blue Family, or De Blauwe Familie in Dutch, discusses a culture of bullying and fear in the national police force. Your email address will not be published. Some of these powers may be applied by an officer himself, like the examples before. I dont want him to experience this, he said. We all have something to do; not just executives, but all 65,000 colleagues. Providing assistance: assistance is provided to those who ask for it but also to game wardens, municipalities and other civil authorities etc. Each control room houses police, ambulance services, fire brigade, and military police units. For a number of years, the communications centres have used the Gemeenschappelijk Meldkamer Systeem (Common Communications Centre System, GMS). That is why there are also 11 chief commissioners as unit manager. Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43904.pdf (Accessed 11 February 2021). This course, Exploring evidence-based policing, examines the basic elements of evidence-based policing and gives insight into how more evidence-based approaches can inform better policing practice. Statista. [2] In the event of serious emergencies, the police cooperates with the fire brigade,[3] ambulance service,[4] other government agencies and military forces in the security region corresponding to the police region.[5]. Upon successful completion, constables can . Maam/ Sir this is the more formal greeting to somebody of the rank of Inspector or above if in any doubt, this is the best term to use. National, (inter)regional investigations: investigating serious crimes such as, Information management: gathering and processing technical information (such as photographs and, Operational support tasks: tasks that support basic law enforcement or specialist tasks, such as, Mental health Care (for people who, e.g., want to commit suicide or are a danger to others), Social work, e.g., in case of domestic violence, This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 17:29. Royal Ulster Constabulary/Police Service of Northern Ireland. Last year, a Dutch newspaper published messages from police group chats that showed officers making racial slurs and joking about killing non-white people. Police | Government.nl It requires strong mental fortitude and resilience in order to accomplish the solemn duty of conveying news of tragedy. The government wants to reduce police bureaucracy so that officers have more time for primary policing. [online] Available at: https://www.bmj.com/company/newsroom/fatal-police-shootings-of-unarmed-black-people-in-us-more-than-3-times-as-high-as-in-whites/ (Accessed: 11 February 2021). The caption read: Our monkey in a cage.. The forces within the UK (England, Wales, Scotland, and PSNI), all use the same rank structure for their hierarchy, this ranges from Constable to Chief Constable. Controle Alt Delete, an advocacy organization that pushes for better law enforcement practices, wanted to highlight problems within the Dutch police force. While in that job, he had an encounter with police officers who were looking for information about crime in the Surinamese community. Black people are more than six times as likely to die from police shootings (inyourarea.co.uk, 2020; citing Inquest, 2019; gov.uk; policeconduct.gov), Differences in Police Officers Deaths in the Line of Duty. To defend Dutch territory and that of NATO allies. A district consists of several teams. The Sentencing Project (2018)Publications/The Sentencing Project. National Police Corps (Dutch: Korps Nationale Politie), colloquially in English as Dutch National Police or National Police Force, is divided in ten regional units, a central unit, the police academy, police services center, and national control room cooperation. (pepperspray,handcuffs and baton). The commissioner is the leader of a district. One less Turk one officer wrote, in response to the slaying of a 16-year-old girl who was shot and killed by her ex-boyfriend in her high schools bicycle shed. Born in the former Dutch colony Surinam, Conrad dreamed of being a police officer as a child. Despite the salient differences in the contexts in which policing occurs between the US and England and Wales, there are some striking similarities in Black, Asian and Ethnic Minority (BAME) disproportionality in terms of arrests, surveillance, use of force, and incarceration throughout the criminal justice systems: Similarities in BAME Disproportionality in the Criminal Justice System, (The Sentencing Project, 2018; Lammy Review, 2017; Prison Policy Initiative, 2019;;Pierson et al, 2020;; Gov.uk, 2019; London.gov.uk, 2020), Black and Latinx drivers were stopped and searched roughly two times more than White drivers (from analysis of data from 100 million traffic stops across US police forces), From April 2018 to March 2019, there were 38 stop and searches for every 1,000 Black people compared to 4 stop and searches for every 1,000 White people in England and Wales, Black Americans are 5.9 times more likely to be arrested and incarcerated compared to White Americans, Black people were over 3 times as likely to be arrested as White people there were 32 arrests for every 1,000 Black people, and 10 arrests for every 1,000 White people, Black and Latinx Americans make up 39% of the US population, but represent 59% of those in US prisons, BAME communities make up 14% of the UK population, but represent 25% of those in prisons. All calls to the national police number 0900-8844 come in around the clock. Supplying assistance to civil authorities. AspirantThe aspirant is still in training. Within the British Police, all police officers are sworn in as and hold the basic powers of a constable. use of lights and sirens, the vehicle is considered a priority vehicle. Police leaders received an early showing of the film and promised action. Differences and Similarities: Policing in the US and the UK Its task are the following: The Royal Marechaussee, or Royal Netherlands Constabulary, is the gendarmerie and military police force of the Dutch Military. The current fleet of the DNP is made up of mostly Mercedes-Benz and Audi, but some Volkswagen vehicles still remain from a contract that ended in 2018. The LMS manages and operates 10 shared emergency service control rooms/dispatch centers. - Copyright: ID 184954833 Hanna Tverdokhlib | Dreamstime.com, Image 'How can we address racial inequality and racial disproportionality?' But Conrad, who is Black, recalled how in his first year at the police academy, colleagues hung a picture of him with cell bars drawn on it. Available at: https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/crime-justice-and-the-law/policing/stop-and-search/latest (Accessed 11 February 2021). They make sure that victims are coached, but they also help with filling in forms for insurance or a lawyer. Police leaders received an early showing of the film and promised action. Delivering a death message as a police officer is an emotionally strenuous, and difficult task. What can be done moving forward? This page was last edited on 9 January 2022, at 03:38. As with most abbreviations, different ones can be used in different forces, so where there is more than one abbreviation, we have listed this for you. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Conrad sees a need for widespread change, both in policy and leadership. Police leaders received an early showing of the film and promised action. The police have powers "ordinary" people do not have; e.g., an officer can stop or arrest people, or look in a shopping bag for lifted items, or (on authorization of the assistant prosecutor) search a home for arms. The National Police is formed under his responsibility. Struijs also took part in the film. All rights reserved. The Metropolitan Police, due to being the largest police force in the UK has additional ranks, Commander, Assistant Commissioner, Deputy Commissioner, and Commissioner. As in other countries, the problems in the Netherlands have a long history. - Copyright: ID 188077112 Dave Cooil | Dreamstime.com, Image ''Bad Apples' or Organisational Cultures?' If that does happen, he can issue a ticket for it.The invigilator does little to no office service and can carry all available weapons except the firearm. Its task are the following: To defend Dutch territory and that of NATO allies. Famous quotes containing the words ranks of, ranks, dutch and/or police: " Do not try to push your way through to the front ranks of your profession; do not run after distinctions and rewards; but do your utmost to find an entry into the world of beauty. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/investigations/police-shootings-database/ (Accessed 11 February 2021). The National Police Corps employs some 65,000 people, and around 40,000 work as officers. Not ready for formal university study? Too nice is neighbors fool.Common Dutch saying, trans by Johanna C. Prins. 07968-582423 . Ranks - Ranks of The Dutch Police - LiquiSearch Struijs also took part in the film. It premiered on Dutch television Monday, timed around the second anniversary this week of the killing of George Floyd at the hands of Minnesota police. in cooperation with the immigration service. He actually does the same job as the inspector, but at district level. There is one national police force in the Netherlands, lead by one Commissioner. People dont trust us, and they dont want to work for us, Snijders, who also appears in The Blue Family, told The Associated Press. Serhan, Y. Below is an overview of the rank marks of the National Police. 2,445 Police officers killed in the line of duty between 2000 and 2014. to access more details of Race, ethnicity and crime, to access more details of Youth justice in the UK: children, young people and crime, to access more details of Exploring evidence-based policing, BA (Honours) Social Sciences (Criminology), Diploma of Higher Education in Social Sciences. Security of international airports and the Dutch borders. To contribute to peace, stability and safety world wide. Want to improve your police lingo? His rank is an externally awarded management grade. Free Newsletter. There is not the same consistency in structure as with the police ranks. It premiered on Dutch television Monday, timed around the second anniversary this week of the killing of George Floyd at the hands of Minnesota police. In this article we will talk you through how to deliver a death message in a way which is clear, conveys the message, but also shows empathy to the family of the deeceased. Between 2015 and May 2020, there were 5,367 fatal police shootings, 4,653 of these had recorded race/ethnicity information (Washington Post). The Dutch National Police uses a selection of motor vehicles for its tasks. Dutch police have arrested a politician in the Hague on suspicion of involvement in a plot to assassinate Prime Minister Mark Rutte. Do Police Support Staff Have a Rank Structure. National Police Corps ( Dutch: Korps Nationale Politie ), colloquially in English as Dutch National Police or National Police Force, is divided in ten regional units, a central unit, the police academy, police services center, and national control room cooperation. After years of frustration, she took a step back from that role. In this article, we will take you through the UK Police Ranks and the abbreviations that are used for each of these. Birgadier.png 200 150; 7 KB Dutch Police Rank Agent.png 457 221; 13 KB Dutch Police Rank Aspirant.png 457 221; 13 KB Dutch Police Rank BOA.png 914 441; 37 KB Dutch Police Rank Brigadier.png 457 221; 18 KB There are some important differences between policing in the US and the UK (referring to England and Wales exclusively as they have a particular legislative and governance context). Margot Snijders of the Dutch police poses for a picture in Utrecht, Netherlands, May 26, 2022. After years of frustration, she took a step back from that role. These differences shed light on the particular landscapes in which policing operates in both countries and in which debates on policing and racism might be understood. He moved to the Netherlands when he was 4 years old, and after a stint in the military, became a security guard. This is used to refer to an officer of the rank of Sergeant. Special tasks: apart from daily activities a few special tasks are part of basic policing; these are executed independently or in conjunction with normal police activities, like the vice squad. These higher-ranking officers have access to more sensitive material; therefore need to be screened more thoroughly. Stopping someone means holding the suspect while waiting for the arrival of the police. For further information, take a look at our frequently asked questions which may give you the support you need. Then you can access your favorite statistics via the star in the header. Born in the former Dutch colony Surinam, Conrad dreamed of being a police officer as a child. If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. A paid subscription is required for full access. Decisions about the principal law enforcement policies for the national unit are made by a national board, the triangle whose chairman is the minister of Justice and Security. Only the rank distinguishing marks are worn on the operational uniform.The dressed outfit is also provided with the so-called police .brevet. Peris Conrad of the Dutch police poses for a picture in Rotterdam, Netherlands, May 26, 2022. An extraordinary investigating officer (boa) is an officer with investigative authority. Check out this article for more on police abbreviations. Peris Conrad of the Dutch police poses for a picture in Rotterdam, Netherlands, Thursday, May 26, 2022. While 24% of the Dutch population meets that definition, only 14% of the police force does. Police ranks of the United Kingdom - Wikipedia In the UK, the ranks of police detectives aren't obvious because they use the initials rather than the words (like Sergeant, or Lieutenant). Military ranks of the Dutch armed forces How is racism, bias and discrimination being tackled in policing? The letter P indicates a uniformed police officer, whereas, the letter D indicates that the officer is a detective. Last year, a Dutch newspaper published messages from police group chats that showed officers making racial slurs and joking about killing non-white people. A writers aid in a description and imagery of all police ranks within England and Wales. Black and Latinx Americans make up 39% of the US population, but represent 59% of those in US prisons. Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. Available at: https://www.sentencingproject.org/publications (Accessed: 11 February 2021). Staff from the departments Intake and Service and Arrestance Supervision in particular are BOAs, Other organizations such as municipalities, water boards, forestry, etc. Evans, P. (2007) Policing in the UK and USA: A brief comparison, Economic Affairs, 27(4), pp. The race/ethnicity of the 3 civilians is not disclosed due to the small number. Read more about this topic: Law Enforcement In The Netherlands, Ranks, By the flow of the inland river,Whence the fleets of iron have fled,Where the blades of the grave-grass quiver,Asleep are the ranks of the dead:Francis Miles Finch (18271907), Next to our free political institutions, our free public-school system ranks as the greatest achievement of democratic life in America Agnes E. Meyer (18871970). For that last purpose the LE has operational command of all anti-terror police units. Mobile units are called in to deal with serious public order offences. All rights reserved. 16/06/2022 . Log into OpenLearn to leave reviews and join in the conversation. Average rating 0 out of 5, based on 0 rating. If you report on a stolen bike, you'll be told what kind of bike locks are most effective. Available at: https://aoav.org.uk/ (Accessed: 11 February 2021). The first and second version were still called the corps brevet, on which the name of the corps was stated. While in that job, he had an encounter with police officers who were looking for information about crime in the Surinamese community. This means that the use of ICT will have to be improved so that constables do not lose a lot of time noting all their observations on paper for later use. To make this easier for you to understand we have pulled together the below table listing the UK police ranks for the uniform and detective track as well as the abbreviations which can be attributed to each of the ranks. I hope this is a historic turning point, he told the AP. George Floyds death in the U.S. two years ago prompted protests of racial injustice in the Netherlands and around the world. to access more details of 'Bad Apples' or Organisational Cultures? and Wales and how it has changed over the years. In the first place it functions as a plotting screen which displays every unit logged in. The majority of BOA officers have the authority to carry and use handcuffs which can only be issued to officers who have the power to use force. All structured data from the file namespace is available under the. A documentary about discrimination within the ranks of Dutch police has . Available at: https://www.inquest.org.uk/iopc-stats-2019 (Accessed 11 February 2021). Due to their size, they have additional ranks. Commissaris. I hope this is a historic turning point, he told the AP. The Landmacht is the land based part of the Dutch military. As in other countries, the problems in the Netherlands have a long history. A documentary about discrimination within the ranks of Dutch police has sparked a national conversation in the Netherlands about racism, with many officers and others hoping it will finally bring about change. The Landelijke Meldkamer Samenwerking or LMS is a relatively independent division of the police. 3 fatal police shootings of civilians in 2019. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'999essentials_com-leader-1','ezslot_8',165,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-999essentials_com-leader-1-0'); Your email address will not be published. Category:Police ranks of the Netherlands; Categorie:Rang bij de Nederlandse politie; categora de Wikimedia; kategori Wikimedia; Wikimedia category; ; Vikimedya kategorisi; ; kategria projektov Wikimedia; ; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; ; ; kategorija na Wikimediji; :; page de catgorie d'un projet Wikimedia; kategorija na Wikimediji; ; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; Wikimedia-kategori; kategori Wikimdia; ; pajenn rummata eus Wikimedia; Wikimedia:; ; Wikimedia ; categora de Wikimedia; Wikimedia-categorie; ; tudalen categori Wikimedia; Vicimid catagir; ; ; Wikimedia-kategory; :; ; categoria Wikimedia; ; ; categoria Vicimediorum; ; Wikimedia-luokka; Wikimedia category; gurhi Vikimedia; ; ; catigura di nu pruggettu Wikimedia; ; Wikimedia:Kategorija; Wikimedia-Kategorie; Wikimedia:Klassys; ; categorie n cadrul unui proiect Wikimedia; categura 'e nu pruggette Wikimedia; Wikimedia-kategori; kawan Wikimdia; ; ; Wikimedia-blkur; kategorio en Vikimedio; kategori Wikimedia; Wikimedia:Ronnaghys; ; kategori Wikimedia; ; kategorija w projektach Wikimedije; th loi Wikimedia; Wikimedia projekta kategorija; kategoria ti Wikimedia; categoria de um projeto da Wikimedia; ; ; Wikimedia-kategori; kategori Wikimedia; ; Wikimedia category; Vikimdia emohenda; Wikimdia-kategria; ; Wikimediako kategoria; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; Kategoriya ning Wikimedia; Wikimedia-kategorie; Wkmediya:Kategor; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; ; ; Wikimedia-categorie; ; Wikimedia; Wikimedia-kategoriija; ; Wikimedia kategooria; jamii ya Wikimedia; Wikimedia-kategori; categoria di un progetto Wikimedia; Wikimedia category; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; ; Wikimedia-Kategorie; Wikimedia proyektnda trkem; ; kategorie na projektech Wikimedia; ka Wikimedia; Wikimedia-Kategorie; categoria de um projeto da Wikimedia; ; ; tumbung Wikimedia; Wikimedia-categorie; kategorija Wikimedije; kategorya ng Wikimedia; Wikimedia-kategorie; ; kategori Wikimedia; kategoria w projekcie Wikimedia; ; ; kategori Wikimedia; categoria de Wikimedia; : ; kategori e Wikimedias; categora de Wikimedia; Vikipidiya:Shopni; ; categora de Wikimedia, Rank insignia of Police in the Caribbean Netherlands, Dutch Police Rank Eerste Hoofdcommissaris.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Agent.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Aspirant.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Boa.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Brigadier.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Commissaris.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Eerste Hoofdcommissaris.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Hoofdagent.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Hoofdcommissaris.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Hoofdinspecteur.png, Ranks Dutch police wikimedia by venturedesign 300dpi Inspecteur.png, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Police_ranks_of_the_Netherlands&oldid=620297047, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.