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The influence of Romania's Slavic neighbors on the language continued. In 2010, Oldowan flint tools were discovered at Bayraki that are 800,0001.2 million years old. In 2005, Moldova and the European Union established an action plan that sought to improve cooperation between Moldova and the union. [123], Moldova signed the Association Agreement with the European Union in Brussels on 27 June 2014. Economic activity grew cumulatively by about 24 percent; consumer price inflation was brought under control; and real wages increased cumulatively by about 13 percent. [67], On 2 January 1992, Moldova introduced a market economy, liberalizing prices, which resulted in rapid inflation. [93] On 28 April 2021, Sandu dissolved the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova after the Constitutional Court ended Moldova's state of emergency which had been brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. German was the third-ranked choice.[198]. It ended with a ceasefire and the establishment of a security zone policed by a three-way peacekeeping force of Russian, Transnistrian, and Moldovan personnel. Officially, the name Republic of Moldova is designated by the United Nations. 24 January]1918 and requested the assistance of the French army present in Romania (general Henri Berthelot) and of the Romanian Army. The first million mobile telephone users were registered in September 2005. [106] On 5 December, another missile fell near the city of Briceni as Russia launched another wave of missile strikes against Ukraine. He has been dubbed "Epic Sax Guy". Zamoyski reinstalled Ieremia Movil to the throne, who put the country under the vassalage of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth. The Moldovan armed forces consists of the Ground Forces and Air Force. [202][203][204][205], As of 2015[update], Romania allocates 5,000 scholarships in high schools and universities for Moldovan students. A parliamentary majority of at least two-thirds is required to amend the Constitution of Moldova, which cannot be revised in times of war or national emergency. [217] There are about 264 physicians per 100,000 people. The Soviet government conducted a campaign to promote a Moldovan ethnic identity distinct from that of the Romanians, based on a theory developed during the existence of the Moldavian ASSR. [117] According to a lending agreement signed in February 2010, Poland provided US$15 million as a component of its support for Moldova in its European integration efforts. The group is still active and released their latest album in 2017. . Slavic people mostly live in Eastern and south/central Europe, but not every country there is majority Slavic. Political dissidents from Ilacu Group were released from arbitrary detention in the break-away Transdinester region only after an order of the European Court of Human Rights. 6 Moldova is a parliamentary representative democratic republic and its official language is Moldovan, a variety of Romanian. On 27 August 1989, the FPM organized a mass demonstration in Chiinu that became known as the Grand National Assembly. Over the 19th century, the Russian authorities encouraged the colonization of Bessarabia or parts of it by Russians, Ukrainians, Germans, Bulgarians, Poles, and Gagauzes, primarily in the northern and southern areas vacated by Turks and Nogais, the latter having been expelled in the 1770s and 1780s, during the Russo-Turkish Wars;[d][38][37][39][40] the inclusion of the province in the Pale of Settlement also allowed the immigration of more Bessarabian Jews. This gesture was to have unexpected consequences: Petru supplied the Polish ruler with funds needed in the war against the Teutonic Knights, and was granted control over Pokuttya until the debt was to be repaid; as this is not recorded to have been carried out, the region became disputed by the two states, until it was lost by Moldavia in the Battle of Obertyn (1531). But there live also about 30% of Russians, Ucraineans and some smaller minorities which are non-slavic. The total land area is 33,851km2 (13,070sqmi). Moldova is a member state of the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the GUAM Organization for Democracy and Economic Development, the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation, and the Association Trio. The country also has important minority ethnic communities, as shown in the table below. Today, the Bulgarians form one of the most solid elements in Southern Bessarabia, numbering (with the Gagauzes, i.e., Turkish-speaking Christians also from the Dobrudja) nearly 150,000. Ukraine - 45,490,000. The Slavs speak mainly Indo-European Slavic Language. When in May 1600, Michael the Brave removed Ieremia Movil from Moldavia's throne by winning the battle of Bacu, briefly reuniting under his rule Moldavia, Wallachia, and Transylvania, a Polish army led by Jan Zamoyski drove the Wallachians from Moldavia. [61] In the 1970s and 1980s, the Moldavian SSR received substantial allocations from the budget of the USSR to develop industrial and scientific facilities and housing. [216], Public expenditure on health was 4.2% of the GDP and private expenditure on health 3.2%. Drago established a polity as a vassal to the Kingdom of Hungary in the 1350s. Produsul intern brut n anul 2012, date actualizate, Produsul intern brut n Republica Moldova n anul 2013, date actualizate, Economia Moldovei a nregistrat o crestere de 4,6%, n 2014, i constituie 111 miliarde de lei, "Economia Republicii Moldova, n SCDERE n 2015; Ultimele cifre de la Statistic", "BNS: Economia Republicii Moldova a crescut cu 4,5% n anul 2017", "Salariului mediu lunar pe economie in anul 2018 este de 6150 lei / Editorial / Monitorul fiscal FISC.md", "INS: Salariul mediu pe economie, n cretere n iunie", " 2018 ! Most of the country's wine production is made for export. [74] On 30 December 2010, Marian Lupu was elected as the Speaker of the Parliament and the acting President of the Republic of Moldova. Resisting pre-election pressures for selective spending increases and returning to the path of fiscal consolidation would reduce reliance on exceptionally high donor support. In addition to its participation in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme, Moldova is also a member state of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the World Trade Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Francophonie and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Crossing the Carpathian mountains in 1359, the voivode took control of Moldavia and succeeded in creating Moldavia as an independent political entity. 36 din 05.12.2013 privind interpretarea articolului 13 alin. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Sample Edition Boskovsky "Hungarian Dances Slavic Dances" LP Record at the best online prices at eBay! In 1994, Moldova became a member of NATO's Partnership for Peace program, and a member of the Council of Europe on 29 June 1995. [209][210], In 2014, US$1 billion disappeared from three of Moldova's leading banks. [231] The most prestigious cycling race is the Moldova President's Cup, which was first run in 2004. One Has Finally Resigned", "Moldova's Constitutional Court overturns all of its decisions that led to political crisis in country in 5 mins", "Moldova calls national code red alert over coronavirus, bans flights", "Moldova declares state of emergency over coronavirus outbreak", "Moldova reports first death from coronavirus, health ministry says", "Moldova election: Pro-EU candidate Maia Sandu wins presidency", "Moldova's pro-Russian prime minister Ion Chicu resigns", "Moldova Parliament Rejects Proposed PM, Bringing Elections Nearer", "Moldovan leader dissolves parliament, sets July elections", "Moldova's president calls early election for July 11", "President Sandu's party wins landslide victory in Moldova's snap election", "Natalia Gavrilia, noul prim-ministru al Republicii Moldova. [citation needed]. Between 2 March and 26 July 1992, the conflict escalated into a military engagement. Officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldovan Republic (PMR), Transdniestria is technically part of Moldova. After achieving independence from the Soviet Union, Moldova's foreign policy was designed with a view to establishing relations with other European countries, neutrality, and European Union integration. [85] This new government was also supported by Igor Dodon. [82], In 2019, from 7 to 15 June, the Moldovan government went through a period of dual power in what is known as the 2019 Moldovan constitutional crisis. Romania National Flag Of Romania. [59][60] In 19461947, at least 216,000 deaths and about 350,000 cases of dystrophy were accounted by historians in the Moldavian SSR alone. . [186], According to the last census in Transnistria (October 2015), the population of the region was 475,373, a 14.47% decrease from the figure recorded at the 2004 census. [200] More than 2.0% of the population is Protestant including a growing number of Jehovah's Witnesses, 0.9% belongs to other religions, 1.0% is non-religious, 0.4% is atheist, and 2.2% did not answer the religion question at the census. Nevertheless, Moldavia was subject to further Hungarian interventions after that moment, as Matthias Corvinus deposed Aaron and backed Alexndrel to the throne in Suceava. Moldova has been an official candidate for membership in the European Union since June 2022. In May 2007, Natalia Barbu represented Moldova in Helsinki at the Eurovision Song Contest 2007 with her entry "Fight". [169], The country has a well-established wine industry. At the end of 2005, the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) was established at the joint request of the presidents of Moldova and Ukraine. In August 2013, work began on a new pipeline between Moldova and Romania that may eventually break Russia's monopoly on Moldova's gas supplies. "[131] In 2009, when Moldova experienced its most serious civil unrest in a decade, several civilians, including Valeriu Boboc, were killed and many more injured. But, says Eastern Europe scholar. Moldovans, sometimes referred to as Moldavians ( Romanian: moldoveni [moldoven], Moldovan Cyrillic: ), is a term used to describe the Romanian-speaking indigenous people of the Republic of Moldova and the largest self-declared ethnic group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population as of 2014) as well as a significant minority To date, no comprehensive studies exist about the population genetic structure of modern Moldavians. The culture has been also influenced by the Byzantine culture, the neighbouring Magyar and Slavic populations, and later by the Ottoman Turks. The territory of Moldova east of the river Dniester is split between parts of the Podolian Plateau, and parts of the Eurasian Steppe. Three months later, on 2 March 1992, the country gained formal recognition as an independent state at the United Nations. [76] After the Alliance for European Integration lost a no confidence vote, the Pro-European Coalition was formed on 30 May 2013.[77]. Investigations into activities at these three banks uncovered large-scale fraud by means of fraudulent loans to business entities controlled by a Moldovan-Israeli business oligarch, Ilan Shor, of funds worth about 1 billion U.S. [132], According to Human Rights Report of the United States Department of State, released in April 2011, "In contrast to the previous year, there were no reports of killings by security forces. Historically Russian was taught in schools as the first foreign language, because of the relationship with the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. [104] The Russian army has a military base and a large ammunition dump in the region. 27 March]1918, the Sfatul rii decided with 86 votes for, 3 against and 36 abstaining, to unite with the Kingdom of Romania. Of the latter, approximately 90,000 died. Many families have their own recipes and grape varieties that have been passed down through the generations. This expansion was made possible by adequate macroeconomic stabilization measures and ambitious structural reforms implemented in the wake of the crisis under a Fund-supported program. Slavic and other cultures, Moldova has enriched its own culture by adopting and maintaining some of the traditions of its neighbours and of . Moldova joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization's Partnership for Peace on 16 March 1994. [e] The Moldavian proportion of the population decreased from an estimated 86% in 1816,[42] to around 52% in 1905. The country became the first post-Soviet state where a non-reformed Communist Party returned to power. Flights were banned to Spain, Italy, France, Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Cyprus, Germany, Ireland, the U.K., Poland, Portugal and Romania. This system was designed to decrease executive authority in favour of the legislature. [28] The Polish state was powerful enough to counter the Hungarian Kingdom which was consistently interested in bringing the area that would become Moldavia into its political orbit. Although only 4.1% are ethnic Russians, Russian is still used as the main language by 14.5% of the total population. Moldova is committed to a number of international and regional control of arms regulations such as the UN Firearms Protocol, Stability Pact Regional Implementation Plan, the UN Programme of Action (PoA) and the OSCE Documents on Stockpiles of Conventional Ammunition. Their performance gained international notoriety as an internet meme due to the pelvic thrusting and dancing of Sergey Stepanov, the band saxophonist. These efforts have helped maintain macroeconomic and financial stability under difficult external circumstances, enabled the resumption of economic growth and contributed to establishing an environment conducive to the economy's further growth and development in the medium term. [217], Since the breakup of the Soviet Union, the country has seen a decrease in spending on health care and, as a result, the tuberculosis incidence rate in the country has grown. During this time, Moldavia was invaded repeatedly by Crimean Tatars and, beginning in the 15th century, by the Ottoman Turks. [144] Excessive use of pesticides resulted in heavily polluted topsoil, and industries lacked emission controls. Moldova has been participating in the Eurovision Song Contest since 2005. Among Moldova's most prominent composers are Gavriil Musicescu, tefan Neaga and Eugen Doga. On 7 June, the Constitutional Court, which is largely believed to be controlled by Vladimir Plahotniuc[83] from the Democratic Party, announced that they had temporarily removed the sitting president, Igor Dodon, from power due to his inability to call new parliamentary elections as the parliament did not form a coalition within three months of the validation of the election results. On 27 August 1991, as the dissolution of the Soviet Union was underway, the Moldavian SSR declared independence and took the name Moldova. Three parties the pro-Russian Socialist Party, the. [21] The origin of the name of the river remains unclear. W.Slavic includes languages such as Czech , Polish and Slovak . Although Alexander I was brought to the throne in 1400 by the Hungarians (with assistance from Mircea I of Wallachia), this ruler shifted his allegiances towards Poland (notably engaging Moldavian forces on the Polish side in the Battle of Grunwald and the siege of Marienburg), and placed his own choice of rulers in Wallachia. Moldova is a country in Eastern Europe, north of the Balkans, surrounded by Romania to the southwest, across the Prut river, and Ukraine to the northeast. Nicolae Juravschi represented the Soviet Union at the 1988 Seoul Games, winning two medals. The miracle about them is that, although genetically they basically are just germans, slavs and romanians melted by force and deception into this nation, the language could be imposed. Belarus - $6,411. [140], Phytogeographically, Moldova is split between the East European Plain and the PonticCaspian steppe of the Circumboreal Region within the Boreal Kingdom. [58] Similar events occurred in the 1930s in the Moldavian ASSR. Despite being disfavored by the brief union of Angevin Poland and Hungary (the latter was still the country's overlord), Bogdan's successor Lacu, the Moldavian ruler also likely allied himself with the Poles. Olympic medalists include Sergei Mureiko, Oleg Moldovan, Vitalie Gruac, Veaceslav Gojan, and Serghei Tarnovschi. According to Moldovan constitutional law, the president may call snap elections if no government is formed after three months. It is home to three terrestrial ecoregions: Central European mixed forests, East European forest steppe, and Pontic steppe. was colonized with Slavic settlers who farmed wheat on its grasslands and became the epicenter of the country's . Main dishes include beef, pork, potatoes, cabbage, and a variety of cereals. The signing came after the accord was drafted in Vilnius in November 2013. [127] On 23 June 2022, Moldova was officially granted candidate status by EU leaders.[128]. Deforestation, demographic pressure, as well as excessive hunting eradicated the native saiga herds which is currently threatened with extinction. In the 1994 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Agrarian Party gained a majority of the seats, setting a turning point in Moldovan politics. Gagauz, 4.4% of the population, are Christian Turkic people. [64] The motives behind this move were fear of the rise of nationalism in Moldova. 20 February Sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine, Moldova emerged as an independent republic following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. [166] Due to its strategic location on a route between Asia and Europe, the territory of modern Moldova experienced many invasions in late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, notably by Goths, Huns, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, Pechenegs, Cumans, Mongols and Tatars. Government "banned all gatherings of over 50 people until 1 April 2020 and closed all schools and kindergartens in an attempt to curb the spread of the virus". Moldova lies between latitudes 45 and 49 N, and mostly between meridians 26 and 30 E (a small area lies east of 30). Despite a small contraction in 2012, Moldova's economic performance was among the strongest in the region during 201013. Additionally, because the election results were verified on 9 March, three months should be interpreted as three calendar months, not 90 days as was the case. A strong Western European influence in Moldovan literature and arts was prevalent in the 19th century. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for College Slavic Treasures University of Kansas KU Jayhawks Diner Village Figurine at the best online prices at eBay! Moldova is a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic. After the 19901992 War of Transnistria, Moldova sought a peaceful resolution to the conflict in the Transnistria region by working with Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, calling for international mediation, and co-operating with the OSCE and UN fact-finding and observer missions. Austrians are Germanic, not Slavic; Hungarians are not Slavic, neither are Romanians or Greeks. [191][192] The Constitution of 1994 stated that the national language of the Republic of Moldova was Moldovan, and its writing is based on the Latin alphabet. His people from the voivodeship at Maramure soon followed. [58], In the postwar period, the Soviet government organized the immigration of working age Russian speakers (mostly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), into the new Soviet republic, especially into urbanized areas, partly to compensate for the demographic loss caused by the war and the emigration of 1940 and 1944. Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Moldova, Ukraine, and parts of Azerbaijan and Georgia. Moldova in brief Destination Moldova, a Nations Online country profile of the small landlocked Eastern European country sandwiched between Ukraine and Romania in a region known as Bessarabia. [17] The unrecognised state of Transnistria lies across the Dniester river on the country's eastern border with Ukraine. [119][120] The European orientation "has been the policy of Moldova in recent years and this is the policy that must continue," Nicolae Timofti told lawmakers before his election in 2012. After the failure of the Tatarbunary Uprising in 1924, the Moldavian Autonomous Region, created earlier in the Transnistria region, was elevated to an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Ukrainian SSR. The heaviest rainfall occurs in early summer and again in October; heavy showers and thunderstorms are common. [114], In September 2010, the European Parliament approved a grant of 90 million to Moldova. After a week of dual government meetings, some protest, and the international community mostly supporting the new government coalition, Pavel Filip stepped down as prime minister but still called for new elections. [144] Founded in 1990, the Ecological Movement of Moldova, a national, non-governmental, nonprofit organization which is a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature has been working to restore Moldova's damaged natural environment. The acting president Mihai Ghimpu instituted the Commission for constitutional reform in Moldova to adopt a new version of the Constitution of Moldova. On 23 June 1990, the Parliament adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty of the "Soviet Socialist Republic Moldova", which, among other things, stipulated the supremacy of Moldovan laws over those of the Soviet Union. Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Russian Government has frequently used its connections with the Russian Orthodox Church to block and stymie the integration of former Soviet states like Moldova into the West. The country of Moldova has developed a fascinating and varied culture over hundreds of years, heavily influenced by European, Balkan, and Russian cultures, that has been celebrated and appreciated by both locals and tourists alike. [143] Game animals, such as red deer, roe deer and wild boar can be found in these wooded areas. But "Transnistrian authorities continued to harass independent media and opposition lawmakers; restrict freedom of association, movement, and religion; and discriminate against Romanian speakers. Following the regional financial crisis in 1998, Moldova has made significant progress towards achieving and retaining macroeconomic and financial stabilization. Main risks to the near-term outlook relate to serious vulnerabilities and governance issues in the banking sector, policy slippages in the run up to the elections, intensification of geopolitical tensions in the region, and a further slowdown in activity in main trading partners. The Polish chronicler Jan Dugosz mentioned Moldavians as having joined a military expedition in 1342, under King Ladislaus I, against the Margraviate of Brandenburg. **If counted as European countries rather than Asian countries, the transcontinental countries Azerbaijan ($4,214) and Armenia ($4,268) would also appear on the above list. World War I brought in a rise in political and cultural (ethnic) awareness among the inhabitants of the region, as 300,000 Bessarabians were drafted into the Russian Army formed in 1917; within bigger units several "Moldavian Soldiers' Committees" were formed. Article 13 of the Moldovan Constitution names it "the national language of the country" (the . Life expectancy in the ex-Soviet country is 67.5 years for men and 75.5 years for women, both among the poorest in Europe. [30][31] Under his rule, which lasted 47 years, Moldavia experienced a glorious political and cultural period.[32]. The 19th century saw the arrival of many more Ukrainians from Podolia and Galicia, as well as new communities, such as Lipovans, Russians, Bulgarians, and Germans. Athletes from Moldova have won European medals in athletics, biathlon, football, and gymnastics; world medals in archery, judo, swimming, and taekwondo; as well as Olympic medals in boxing, canoeing, shooting, weightlifting, and wrestling. Its estimated number of native . On 21 December of the same year, Moldova, along with most of the other Soviet republics, signed the constitutive act that formed the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). [218] According to a 2009 study, Moldova was struggling with one of the highest incidence rates of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the world. [95] The snap parliamentary elections resulted in a landslide win for the pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS). E.Slovak includes Bel. [129], On 12 November 2014, the US donated to Moldovan Armed Forces 39 Humvees and 10 trailers, with a value of US$700,000, to the 22nd Peacekeeping Battalion of the Moldovan National Army to "increase the capability of Moldovan peacekeeping contingents. The government entered into agreements with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund to promote growth. In 1940, as a consequence of the MolotovRibbentrop Pact, Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union, leading to the creation of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldavian SSR). Moldova has a climate which is moderately continental; its proximity to the Black Sea leads to the climate being mildly cold in the autumn and winter and relatively cool in the spring and summer.[138]. Plans for a union with Romania were abandoned,[64] and the new Constitution gave autonomy to the breakaway Transnistria and Gagauzia. The former prime minister, Pavel Filip from the Democratic Party, said that new parliamentary elections would be held on 6 September and refused to recognize the new coalition, calling it an illegal government. Due to the temporarily suspended militaty conflict with the Pridnestrovian Republic, this country was known as the last hot spot in Europe, until recent conflicts in Ukraine. Population: 2.1: Population and the demographic structure", "Republic of Moldova 2014 - Census de facto complete tabulation", "Ethnic composition of Transnistria 2004", "The text of the Declaration of Independence prevails over the text of the Constitution", "Declaraia de independena a Republicii Moldova, Moldova Suveran", "A Field Guide to the Main Languages of Europe Spot that language and how to tell them apart", "ADEPT: Laws of the Republic of Moldova: The Constitution of the Republic of Moldova", "Hotrre Nr. 8 December]1917). Analysis. In chess, the Republic of Moldova has several international masters, among which can be mentioned Viorel Iordchescu, Dmitry Svetushkin, and Viorel Bologan. The controversial results of this election sparked the April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests. These include education, infrastructure, financial sector, business climate, energy consumption, pension system, and judicial framework. [80] Concerns over statewide corruption, the independence of the judiciary system, and the nontransparency of the banking system were expressed. The summers are warm and long, with temperatures averaging about 20C (68F) and the winters are relatively mild and dry, with January temperatures averaging 4C (25F). [110] The country's central legislative body is the unicameral Moldovan Parliament (Parlament), which has 101 seats, and whose members are elected by popular vote on party lists every four years. Ruxandra Lupu, the daughter of Moldavian voivode Vasile Lupu who married Tymish Khmelnytsky, lived in Racov according to Ukrainian tradition. The matter of whether or not Moldovan is a separate language continues to be contested politically within and beyond the Republic of Moldova. [64] New governments were formed by Vasile Tarlev (19 April 2001 31 March 2008), and Zinaida Greceani (31 March 2008 14 September 2009). Reconomica ", "Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the one part, and the Republic of Moldova, of the other part", "Download entire World Economic Outlook database", "This Massive Underground City is Filled With Wine", "Legea cu privire la seciile pentru reforma agrar n cadrul organelor de autoadministrare local ale Republicii Moldova Nr.129 din 02.03.92, Monitorul Oficial nr.3/80, 1992", R. Moldova are deja peste dou milioane de utilizatori ai serviciilor de telefonie mobil, "Orange launches HD mobile phone service", "the Government approved the licensing of 4G / LTE for mobile operators", Strengthening Social Cohesion and a Common Identity in the Republic of Moldova, "Statistical Yearbook of Moldova 2017: Results of the 2004 Population Census: 2. The main means of transportation in Moldova are railways 1,138km (707mi) and a highway system (12,730km or 7,910mi overall, including 10,937km or 6,796mi of paved surfaces). [227], Most retail businesses close on New Year's Day and Independence Day, but remain open on all other holidays. After 1828 this autonomy was progressively restricted and in 1871 the Oblast was transformed into the Bessarabia Governorate, in a process of state-imposed assimilation, Russification. As of 2016, Moldova's population was slightly above 4 million people. Total recorded adult alcohol consumption is approximately evenly split between spirits, beer and wine. Hungary is also non Slavic . Between the first and seventh centuries AD, the south came intermittently under the control of the Roman and then the Byzantine Empires. [16] It is bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. The song received a lot of airplay and reached number one place on the charts in Moldova as well as Russia. There are 16 state and 15[201] private institutions of higher education in Moldova, with a total of 126,100 students, including 104,300 in the state institutions and 21,700 in the private ones. After the Romanian army occupied the region in early January 1918 at the request of the National Council, Bessarabia proclaimed independence from Russia on February 6[O.S.