Carl's Jr Sweet And Sour Sauce, Life Expectancy Of Police Officers After Retirement Uk, Old Lahaina Luau Vs Feast At Lele, How To Calculate Nautical Miles Between Two Points, Articles I

There are five vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that distinguish word meaning. Omniglot is how I make my living. So by clicking on these links you can help to support this site. The first Bible translation was in 1859, produced in part by Henry Hare Dugmore. Xhosa is the most widely distributed African language in South Africa, though the most widely spoken African language is Zulu. Nyungwe, languages as a result of long and extensive interaction between the 2000. The first two columns include words from the two Khoisan language isolates, Sandawe and Hadza. In, Winter, J.C. 1981. Like what you see? ), Gldemann, Tom and Edward D. Elderkin (forthcoming) '. Today, the few scholars working on these languages treat the three [southern groups] as independent language families that cannot or can no longer be shown to be genetically related" (p.841). "Toward reconstructing Proto-South Khoisan." The phonology of Xhosa is characterized by a simple vowel inventory and a complex system of consonants. Tsonga, Khoisan / k s n /, or Khoe-Sn (pronounced [kxoesan]), according to the contemporary Khoekhoegowab orthography, is a catch-all term for those indigenous peoples of Southern Africa who do not speak one of the Bantu languages, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Khoikhoi") and the Sn or Skhoen (Saake in the Nng language).. Kongo, But without a shift in language policy and government . The Juhoan language has 48 click consonants among nearly as many non-click consonants, strident and pharyngealized vowels, and four tones. Xhosa has a Roman-based orthography which was developed by missionaries in the 19th century and adapted to represent the sounds of the language. [11] Zunda languages effectively form a dialect continuum of variously mutually intelligible varieties. https://www.twinkl.co.za/resources/south-africa-resources/isixhosa-foundation-phase-english-south-africa-suid-afrika/2, Online Xhosa dictionaries The breathy voiced glottal fricative [] is sometimes spelled h. The ejectives tend to be ejective only in careful pronunciation or in salient positions and, even then, only for some speakers. The Khoisan (Khoesan) language family is the smallest of the language families of Africa. Adjectives, possessive pronouns and demonstratives agree with the noun they modify in class and number. so much, I reached out to them and weve teamed up to offer, across all of uTalks 140 languages! Xhosa is a tonal language with two inherent phonemic tones: low and high. Clicks are stops produced with two points of contact in the mouth: one forward and one in the back. It has 18 click consonants (in comparison, Ju'hoan, spoken in Botswana and Namibia, has 48, and Taa, with roughly 4,000 speakers in Botswana, has 83). The language is marked by the large number of click consonant sounds used. See Khoe languages for speculations on the linguistic history of the region. In, Treis, Yvonne. (Click here for an audio sample of the extinct !Ora language.) They are known as the Saa by the Nama, and this is the source of the word San. Implosive consonants are produced by inhaling rather than exhaling the air. For example. #CapeTownEPrix Xhosa. Languages such as Zulu and Xhosa make use of three of the five kinds of clicks. Subscribe using the form below to have all of my posts delivered directly to your email. Jita, 1991). The ceremonial slaughtering of animals is one of the many ways by which ancestors are invoked. There are two groups of languages in southern Africa that have clicks: the Khoisan languages and certain languages of the Niger-Congo family, most notably Zulu and Xhosa. They are descended from the Nguni, who began migrating south from central and northern Africa more than a thousand years ago. This means I earn a commission if you click on any of them and buy something. The Khoisan, or Click, linguistic family is made up of three branches: the Khoisan languages of the San (Bushmen) and Khoikhoi, spoken in various parts of sub-Saharan Africa; Sandawe, a language found in E Africa; and Hatsa (Hadzane or Hadzapi), also spoken in E Africa. #VisitSouthAfrica https://t.co/EHxIRKzU37, RT @FIAFormulaE: The Rainbow Nation Ever since Xhosa and Zulu were reduced to a written form in the early 19th century, Xhosa and Zulu writers have produced various works of fiction, ranging from poetry to novels. In Xhosa culture, women are easily recognised by their heavy dress, matching turban and coloured dots decorating their faces. Omissions? The name Khoisan is a compound word formed with the native words khoi "person" and san "forager", meaning 'persons who forage in the bush" or "bushmen". is awesome for learning key words and phrases in Xhosa, especially if you want to use it for travel purposes. in parts of Lesotho and Zimbabwe. After migrating to southern Africa, the Xhosa and Zulu adopted the click consonants unique to the Khoisan and loaned some words. Grazie! Xhosa is used in primary schools up to the second grade and is studied as a subject in both primary and secondary schools up to the tenth grade. Because I believe in uTalk so much, I reached out to them and weve teamed up to offer you an exclusive 30% OFF reader discount across all of uTalks 140 languages! Palatalisation is a change that affects labial consonants whenever they are immediately followed by /j/. Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Free State and Northern Cape. Mbunda, There are some exceptions, for instance, the Sandawe language in Tanzania whose speakers have maintained a relatively stable linguistic community. Those who speak this language typically form part of the ethnic group called the amaXhosa and refer to their language as isiXhosa. According to the 2011 census there A certain amount of intermarriage with the Khoisan people they found here also gave rise to clans like the Gqunkhwebe. But, as with any language, Xhosa had a rich history of oral traditions from which the society taught, informed, and entertained one another. The verb root occupies the 0 position. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, clicks are represented by placing the assigned symbol for the place of click articulation to the left of a symbol for a nonclick sound at the same place of articulation. Italian for Confident Conversations (A2-B2). With about 800 speakers in Tanzania, Hadza is no longer seen as a Khoisan language and appears to be unrelated to any other language. 1998. Click consonants can be modified in a variety of ways. Bonke abantu banesiphiwo sesazela nesizathu In 1996[update], the literacy rate for first-language Xhosa speakers was estimated at 50%.[15]. Xhosa verbs are highly inflected. The onset cluster /kl/ from phonologized loanwords such as, The unwritten glottal stop is present in words like, In informal writing, this murmured consonant can sometimes be seen spelled as, sebenz + -is + -el +wa -> setyenziselwa [setenziselwa] (used for), This page was last edited on 25 February 2023, at 23:55. Khoisan languages, a unique group of African languages spoken mainly in southern Africa, with two outlying languages found in eastern Africa. It is closely related to Zulu, Swati, and Ndebele. There are five places of articulation at which click consonants occur. What separates her from other instructors is her ability to explain complex grammar in a no-nonsense, straightforward manner using her unique 80/20 method. Learning materials, Information about the Xhosa language The word lives on, however, in the names of several African animal and plant species, such as the Hottentot Fig or Carpobrotus. The sociolinguistic story of the South African Khoesan languages is one of language death (Dorian 1989), and finds its place in the discussion of language death in Africa (Dimendaal 1989, Brenzinger 1992, Brenzinger et al. The murmur no longer shifts to the following vowel. Swati, 9 reasons youre not fluentYET & how to fix it! If you want detailed destinations guides, languages learning tips, and travel phrase guides, then you've come to the right place! Anthony Traill noted the Khoisan languages' extreme variation. National Treasures 15000 characters left today. Learning Xhosa is a challenging, but rewarding experience. All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Sukuma, https://t.co/qATXK8AEqg, A room filled with great minds, sharing a valuable outlook on living the legacy of the @NelsonMandela Foundation. Nguni languages of southern Africa, which include Zulu and Xhosa, are believed to have borrowed their clicks from Khoisan languages. However, not all noun classes can be so easily defined. Xhosa is rich in uncommon consonants. High tone is represented in writing by an acute accent over the vowel, i.g., , low tone is indicated by by a grave accent, i.g., . tsk! Lambya, (Their numbers have been included under Nama above.) The origin of Khoisan click consonants and their peculiarly African provenance therefore remains a mystery. Xhosa beliefs dictate that people turn to a diviner or healer, usually attired in a headdress and shawl of fur, when needing advice on how to deal with the spirits, help with illnesses, or, ward off evil from unnatural forces such as the, a potentially malevolent goblin who attacks at night. The Xhosa, formerly called Kaffir or Kafir (Arabic for infidel), are a cluster of related peoples who have inhabited Eastern Cape Province and Transkei, South Africa, since before the 16th century. All Khoisan languages but two are indigenous to southern Africa and belong to three language families. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The Khoisan languages (/ksn/; also Khoesan or Khoesaan) are a number of African languages once classified together, originally by Joseph Greenberg. All Rights Reserved. In this view Khoisan hunters might have developed clicks to camouflage their presence as they stalked their prey in an environment of insect and other noises or might have responded to various situations with onomatopoetic vocalizations containing clicks. Don't let the learning stop here. All languages use sound symbolism to some extent, and, while there are indeed examples of clicks functioning in this way (for example, !, the word for the clicking noise made by the knee joints of a walking eland [Taurotragus oryx], contains an appropriate click in one Khoisan language), their normal linguistic function is as unremarkable as the function of more familiar consonants such as b or s in any language. Updates? Learn more about the Nilo-Saharan language family on Ethnologue. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Mwani, For Black Panther, director Ryan Coogler "wanted to make it a priority to use Xhosa as much as possible" in the script, and provided dialect coaches for the film's actors. Snyman, Jan Winston. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther, Avengers: Infinity War, Avengers: Endgame, and Black Panther: Wakanda Forever, the language spoken in the fictional African nation of Wakanda is Xhosa. Some scholars speculate that they might represent an earlier stage in the evolution of human language. Xhosa is spoken as a first language by 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province and Transkei. Zulu, Languages written with the Latin alphabet, if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_2',147,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',147,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-omniglot_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0_1'); .large-mobile-banner-1-multi-147{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. However, linguists who study Khoisan languages reject their unity, and the name "Khoisan" is used by them as a term of convenience without any implication of linguistic validity, much as "Papuan" and "Australian" are. This click is like the sound people make to call horses. http://ilanguages.org/xhosa.php They are thought to have migrated to this region along the east coast of Africa and through central Africa. Includes English and Italian translations with pronuncation guide. Others think that Xhosa-speaking children should be taught in their native language in the early grades. No idea what a clicking language is? Family words | Their most distinctive linguistic characteristic is the original and extensive use of click consonants, a feature which has spread through cultural and linguistic contact into a number of Bantu (Niger-Congo) languagessuch as Xhosa, Zulu, and Sotho in South Africa and Gciriku (Diriku), Yei (Yeye), and Mbukushu in Botswana and Namibiaand into Dahalo, a Cushitic (Afro-Asiatic) language of Kenya. They are called upon for guidance, support, or to turn the tide of fortune. Therefore, the absolute duration of voicing is the same as in tenuis stops. 1971. In, Honken, Henry. This ritual vocabulary of the Lardil of Australia contains some words with clicks together with other peculiar sounds, but the use of clicks is limited, and they have a symbolic value in addition to their linguistic function. The term Bushman as it is used to describe certain southern African hunter-gatherers is somewhat controversial because it is perceived as racist. Their use in education has been governed by legislation, beginning with the Bantu Education Act, 1953.[12]. Bemba, Verbs use the following prefixes for the subject and object: The following is a list of phrases that can be used when one visits a region whose primary language is Xhosa: Xhosa-speaking people have inhabited coastal regions of southeastern Africa since before the 16th century. There are books, magazines and newspapers in Xhosa, as well as TV and radio programmes, films, plays and songs. Below are some common words and sentences in Xhosa. These are divided into North, Central and South Khoisan groups belonging to southern Africa, plus two Tanzanian isolates, Sandawe and Hadza (Hatsa), which possess a few words, affixes, and particles that justify the assumption of a distant relationship with Khoisan. It is believed that the Xhosa language "click" sounds originated from the Khoisan language and that they were assimilated into the Xhosa Language over a long period of amalgamation between Xhosa and Khoisan peoples. Although little Kwadi data is available, proto-KhoeKwadi reconstructions have been made for pronouns and some basic vocabulary. As with other South African languages, Xhosa is characterized by respectful forms of address for elders and in-laws. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Xhosa language has been grouped into a number of dialects. Tribal Wars and European Persecution . [1][2] Khoisan is defined as those languages that have click consonants and do not belong to other African language families. Xhosa nouns belong to 17 different classes, roughly based on semantic categories, e.g., there are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. Tentative distribution of the Khoisan languages, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khoisan-languages, Fu Jen Catholic University - Graduate School of Linguistics - The Khoisan Language Family. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Khoisan people appeared in southern Africa 60,000 years ago. sas 1. Most syllables end in a vowel, and there are no consonant clusters. For instance, they can be aspirated, nasalised and glottalised. It is a national of Namibia, along with English and a number of other regional languages. Occasionally other languages are said by laypeople to have "click" sounds. The /i/ vowel is long in the penultimate syllable and short in the last syllable.[16]. The release of the forward closure results in a pop-like sound. What I love most about uTalk is that you can jump around their extensive library of topics and choose what you want to learn, when you want, and at your own pace. Zulu: 22.7%, Xhosa: 16%, Afrikaans . are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another Additional phonemes use sequences of multiple letters. Not all languages using clicks as phonemes are considered Khoisan. How difficult is it to learn Xhosa? Beadwork similar to the Ndebele is an integral aspect of Xhosa tradition. The name Khoisan is a compound word formed with the native words khoiperson and sanforager, meaning persons who forage in the bush or bushmen. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Khoisan people appeared in southern Africa some 60,000 years ago. Southern Khoisan languages have a very high ratio of words containing clicks as compared to those that do not contain them. are about 8.2 million native speakers of Xhosa, and another 11 million Omissions? The numerous click consonants have been borrowed from Khoi or San words. The chart below (taken from Some elements of the structure of the Xhosa verb) shows some of the possible slots for prefixes and suffixes. A palatal click is a sharp pop made by drawing the tongue down quickly from the roof of the mouth. A member of a Bantu people inhabiting the eastern part of Cape Province, South Africa. Herero, Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. http://www.gononda.com/xhosa/, Xhosa phrases This process can skip rightwards to non-local syllables (i.e. Every single click in Miriam Makebas Click Song, which is in Xhosa, is a sound that was borrowed from a neighbouring language and swapped into existing words and not all that long ago, either. Today, the Khoisan languages are spoken only in southwestern Africa, in the region around the Kalahari Desert extending from Angola to South Africa, and in one small area of Tanzania. aquatic human-like beings who accept into their family those who drown. Tower of Babel | The Khoe family is both the most numerous and diverse family of Khoisan languages, with seven living languages and over a quarter million speakers. Gusii, However, there is no scientific proof to support this hypothesis since all languages use sound symbolism to a lesser or greater extent. Vowels can be either short or long. Like other Southern Bantu languages, Xhosa has borrowed words from the Khoisan languages, as well as from English and Afrikaans. The Xhosa comprise a number of clans such as Gcaleka, Ngika, Ndlambe, Dushane and the Qayi. Xhosa is a Bantu language that is closely related to Ndebele and Swazi and is characterized by the unique click sounds for some letters. According to this hypothesis, clicks might have originally served as onomatopoetic imitations of naturally occurring sounds. If a woman has children, whom she has raised to be adults, then it is usual to find her seated among her peers smoking a long-handled pipe. By creating an account, I agree to theTerms of service and Privacy policy. Most of the languages are unwritten, but Nama and Naro have Latin-based orthographies. They are better described as slack voiced than as breathy voiced. Xhosa and Khoisan peoples. Sample basic vocabulary for Khoisan language families: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Terms of Use Xhosa (isiXhosa) is the southernmost member of the Bantoid group of the Niger-Congo language family in Africa. The Xhosa themselves are somewhat ambivalent about the use of their language in education. Maore, Nguni languages are, in turn, classified under the much larger abstraction of Bantu languages. We use the verb "have" to denote possession, ownership, and other related meanings. The KhoisanThe Khoisan are a group of indigenous people who inhabit Southern Africa, mainly in the regions of Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Angola, Zambia. The original stanza was: Additional stanzas were written later by Sontonga and other writers, with the original verse translated into Sotho and Afrikaans, as well as English. [8] Despite their shared clicks, the Khoisan languages diverge significantly from each other. In, Sands, Bonny. In Xhosa culture, women are easily recognised by their heavy dress, matching turban and coloured dots . A century ago the Haiom people spoke a Ju dialect, probably close to Kung, but they now speak a divergent dialect of Nama. Various parts of speech that qualify a noun must agree with the noun according to its gender. Impariamo insieme! Home South African Culture and Tradition Explored Languages of South Africa Xhosa Language of the Eastern Cape. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. Central Khoisan, the largest group, includes Nama (Khoekhoe, Khoekhoegowab) and Haiom (Saan) spoken in Namibia, and smaller languages spoken in the Kalahari desert of Botswana. Bulu, #VisitSouthAfrica https://t.co/ncCaKrq4Fa, The Summit includes a Sustainability Village that aims to boost the local economy and power positive economic activ https://t.co/OEOnUXyWdU, Clareb accessories is your one stop shop for all things, unique earrings, necklaces, bracelets. Xhosa is categorized as a Bantu language and is representative of the south-western Nguni subfamily group. In keeping with many other Bantu languages, Xhosa is an agglutinative language, with an array of prefixes and suffixes that are attached to root words. All rights reserved. Like other Bantu languages, Xhosa is rich in expressions, idioms, and proverbs. Gldemann, Tom. / 4 Before monosyllabic stems in some words. Ewondo, Interestingly, the word Xhosa is from the Khoisan language and means "The angry men". You can unsubscribe at any time. This creates a sound somewhat resembling a cork being pulled out of a bottle. Khoisan languages, a unique group of African languages spoken mainly in southern Africa, with two outlying languages found in eastern Africa. . Most of the languages are endangered, and several are moribund or extinct. However, tones are usually not indicated in writing. Group of African language families with click consonants, "San language" redirects here. The following table gives an overview of Xhosa noun classes, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. The Xhosas started facing serious trouble during the 18th and 19th Centuries when they engaged in frequent conflicts with the European settlers attempting to annex their native lands. Tradues em contexto de "Khoisan" en portugus-ingls da Reverso Context : Palavras-chave: Khoisan; reconciliation; identity; narrative; communication. The San were formerly called Bushmen, (from . Gogo, . This produces something like the English tut-tut. The 'X' in Xhosa, for example, represents a type of . used as a language of instruction in primary schools, and in some The Khoisan language family is the smallest of the language families of Africa. Nkore, Haya, The town itself receives an abundant supply of water from an underground source, which is referred to as All trademarks and web sites that appear throughout this site are the property of their respective owners. The click consonant sounds are a typical and unique feature of the San and Khoikhoi languages. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Nyamwezi, Download your free PDF guide with 125 Italian travel phrases. F https://t.co/s7IkqA9Utl, It feels good to have @KevinHart4real also known as Mpho here in Johannesburg, South Africa. Nyakyusa, Featuring handcraft https://t.co/GiM3yZdgvg, Situated in Cape Town Hope street studios, lies the excellent & craftmanship of David Dindi Leather collection, a s https://t.co/zlW7cX54f8, Self-taught designer Nondwe Nyathi of Indwe Designs, draws inspiration from the elegant Blue crane, its stately pre https://t.co/Srk6KNK2lM, Cool Tabs A sustainable & profitable business owned by Aretha Doyle, re-purposes soda can tabs and transforms them https://t.co/qCZyAieYy7, SA Tourisms sustainability village at AGES showcases proudly S.A eco and environmentally friendly products. . ), Khoisan Linguistic Studies . This is usually a misnomer for ejective consonants, which are found across much of the world, or is a reference to paralinguistic use of clicks such as English tsk! Clicks are stops produced with two points of contact in the mouth: one forward and one in the back. Get her free guide 9 reasons youre not fluentYET & how to fix it! As an example, the composition of the verb In the sentence Un-ntwana u-ya-wa-sel-a ama-nzi One child drinks water is shown below. Gwere, The Xhosa language is properly referred to as isiXhosa. Although vowel length distinguishes word meaning, the length is not represented in writing, except for and . Xhosa has a complex system of consonants, including some uncommon ones. C'est la deuxime langue la plus parle du pays. A system for writing Xhosa using the Latin alphabet was devised by Tone, stress and vowel length are not indicated. #CapeTownEPrix Luvale, The spirits of those who have passed on are honoured in rituals and ceremonies. Elsewhere many bilingual Khoisan speakers have tended to shift rapidly to the dominant language, thus ceasing transmission of the mother tongue to children and leaving it to contract and die, sometimes quite abruptly. http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/xhosa.php Songe, Ikizu, Photography and infographics cannot be used without permission.Privacy Policy | Cookie Policy | Terms and Conditions, Language Learning for Travellers & Heritage Learners, Italian Travel Phrases Cheat-Sheet! Clicks are spreading to a few additional neighboring languages. Digo, https://www.ethnologue.com/language/xho, Online Xhosa lessons Translate files. Sandawe is not related to Hadza, despite their proximity. You can unsubscribe at any time. Tumbuka, Nyemba, Breathy-voiced consonants are produced when the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal voicing, but are held further apart, so that a volume of air escapes between them. The next are the alveolar clicks with the tongue tip and palate. Other Bantu Languages include the Xhosa and Zulu languages, two languages famous for their large number of click consonants developed through their extended interaction with the Khoisan languages of Southern Africa. Densely populated with uncommon consonants, Xhosa consists of the usual pulmonic egressive sounds (used in English), ejectives, 15 clicks and an implosive. Languages Gulper/Khoisan Peoples/About World Languages/Wikipedia/The Week. for $0.07/word. [citation needed], Khoisan was proposed as one of the four families of African languages in Joseph Greenberg's classification (19491954, revised in 1963). Other figures are the huge lightning bird (. It is spoken by the Xhosa people in South Africa, and has around 8 million speakers. Rafiki, the sagely mandrill chants Xhosa on The Lion King and its reboot. Xhosa is an official language in South Africa and Zimbabe, and is Planning a trip? Mandekan, Mpondo (Pondo), Xesibe, Bomwana, Gaika, Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe (Ethnologue). Kikuyu, Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [3] Ethnically, their speakers are the Khoikhoi and the San (Bushmen). Forming part of Durban's vibrant Golden Mile, the Bay of Plenty lies at the heart of the beachfront, with high-rise hotels and apartment buildings making the most of the stunning sea view. Xhosa is a member of the Southeastern, or Nguni, subgroup of the Bantu group of the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. This distinctive linguistic characteristic was adopted by a number of neighbouring Bantu languages, such as Xhosa and Zulu in South Africa. Xhosa language, one of the 11 official languages of South Africa, principally spoken by the Xhosa people. The pocket of air produced by the resulting enclosure is rarefied by the sucking action of the tongue. On commence, ce tour d'horizon des onze langues officielles en Afrique du Sud par le xhosa. nangokweemfanelo. The sound system of Xhosa contains three types of click sounds borrowed from the neighbouring Khoisan languages. Because Xhosa and Zulu are both classed as Bantu languages, they are quite similar. . http://www.salanguages.com/isixhosa/xhowrd.htm Copyright 19982023 Simon Ager | Email: | Hosted by Kualo, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language, https://www.memrise.com/course/1572/xhosa-an-intro/, http://xhosaculture.co.za/about-us/learn-xhosa/, https://www.twinkl.co.za/resources/south-africa-resources/isixhosa-foundation-phase-english-south-africa-suid-afrika/2, http://www.freelang.net/dictionary/xhosa.php, http://www.salanguages.com/isixhosa/xhowrd.htm, http://www.southafricalogue.com/travel-tips/south-african-phrases-xhosa.html. A Xhosa initiate, undergoing a . Contact Us, 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province and Transkei.